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讀博會改變人的性格嗎?

今天,微博上的話題#讀博會不會改變人的性格#引發熱議。

讀博會改變人的性格嗎?

有人說,不會。因為性格是天生的,不易改變。你覺得呢?

Scientists say you can change your personality

Science Daily

December 12, 2019

It has long been believed that people can‘t change their personalities, which are largely stable andinherited。 But a review of recent research in personality science points to the possibility that personality traits can change throughpersistent interventionand major life events。

長期以來,人們一直認為,無法改變自己的性格,因為這些性格在很大程度上是穩定的、遺傳的。但最近人格科學研究的一篇綜述文章中指出,性格特質有可能透過持續干預和重大人生事件而改變。

inherit

1)表示“經遺傳得到(父母的性格、外貌、品質、特徵)”,英文解釋為:to have the same character or appearance as your parents,舉個:

Iinheritedmy mother’s curly hair。

我遺傳了母親的鬈髮。

2)表示“繼承(財產)”,英文解釋:If you inherit money or property, you receive it from someone who has died。 舉個:

He has no son toinherithis land。

他沒有兒子來繼承他的土地。

persistent

1)表示“持續的;存留的;頑強存在的”,英文解釋為“lasting for a long time or difficult to get rid of”舉個:

Symptoms of the illness include a high temperature and apersistentdry cough。

病症包括高燒和持久的乾咳。

2)表示“堅持不懈的;執意的”,英文解釋為“Someone who is persistent continues doing something or tries to do something in a determined but often unreasonable way。”

舉個:

Bepersistent- don‘t give up。

要堅持不懈——別放棄。

intervention

表示“干涉,介入”,英文解釋為“Intervention is the act of intervening in a situation。”

Personalitytraits

, identified asneuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness, can predict a wide range of important outcomes such as health, happiness and income。 Because of this, these traits might represent an important target for policy interventions designed to improve human welfare。

性格特質,分為神經質(neuroticism)、外向性(extraversion)、經驗開放性(Openness to experience)、親和性(agreeableness)和盡責性(conscientiousness),能夠預測一系列重要的結果,如健康、幸福和收入。正因為如此,這些特質可能代表了旨在改善人類福祉的政策干預的一個重要目標。

trait

表示“特徵,特性,品質”,英文解釋為“a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour”舉個:

His sense of humour is one of his bettertraits。

具有幽默感是他更討人喜歡的特點之一。

五大性格特質

大五人格理論中的五種性格特點(Big Five personality traits):

·

宜人性/親和性

(agreeableness)

是:具

有信任、利他、直率、依從、謙虛、移情等特質。

·

開放性/經驗開放性

(openness/openness to experience):具有想象、審美、情感豐富、求異、創造、智慧等特質。

·

責任心/盡責性

(conscientiousness):顯示勝任、公正、條理、盡職、成就、自律、謹慎、剋制等特點。

·

外傾性/外向性

(extraversion):表現出熱情、社交、果斷、活躍、冒險、樂觀等特質。

·

神經質

(neuroticism):具有平衡焦慮、敵對、壓抑、自我意識、衝動、脆弱等情緒的特質,即具有保持情緒穩定的能力。(百度百科)

想知道自己是屬於什麼樣的性格特質?掃描下方二維碼進行測試。

The research,scheduledto be published in the December issue of

American Psychologist

, is the product of

the Personality Change

Consortium

, an international group of researchers committed to advancing understanding of personality change。 The consortium was initiated by

Wiebke Bleidorn

and

Christopher Hopwood

University of California, Davis

, professors of psychology who are also co-authors of the latest paper, “

The Policy Relevance of Personality Traits。

” The paper has 13 other co-authors。

這項預計發表在《美國心理學家》(American Psychologist)雜誌12月刊上的研究出自

性格變化聯盟(Personality Change Consortium)

。該聯盟是一個致力於推進對了解性格變化的國際研究小組,由加利福尼亞大學戴維斯分校(University of California, Davis)的心理學教授韋伯克·布萊多恩(Wiebke Bleidorn)和克里斯托弗·霍普伍德(Christopher Hopwood)發起,他們也是最新論文《性格特徵的政策相關性》(The Policy Relevance of Personality Traits)的共同作者。該論文還有其他13位共同作者。

schedule

表示“為…安排時間;安排,排定”,英文解釋為“to arrange that an event or activity will happen at a particular time”舉個:

The flightis scheduled toarrive at 10:20, but it’s running 15 minutes late。

航班預定於10:20到達,但要晚點15分鐘。

consortium

consortium /kənˈsɔːtɪəm/ 表示“(數家公司或銀行聯合組成的)聯營企業;財團,銀團;聯盟”,英文解釋為“A consortium is a group of people or firms who have agreed to cooperate with each other。”

◉Policy change could be more effective 政策改變可能更有效

“In this paper, we present the case that traits can serve both as relatively stable predictors of success and actionable targets for policy changes and interventions,

” Bleidorn said。

布萊多恩說:“在這篇論文中,我們給出的例項是,性格特質既可以作為相對穩定的成功預測因素,也可以作為政策變化和干預的可操作目標。”

Parents, teachers, employers and others have been trying to change personality forever because of their implicit awareness that it is good to make people better people,

” Hopwood added。

霍普伍德補充說:“父母、教師、僱主等一直在試圖永久性地改變(他人)性格,因為他們隱約意識到,讓人們成為更好的人是好事。”

But now, he said, strong evidence suggests that personality traits are broad enough toaccount fora wide range of socially important behaviors at levels thatsurpassknown predictors, and that they can change, especially if you catch people at the right age andexert sustainedeffort。 However, these traits also remain relatively stable; thus while they can change, they are not easy to change。

但是現在,他說,強有力的證據表明,性格特質的範圍很廣,足以解釋一系列重要的社會行為,其水平超過了已知的預測因素。此外,性格特質可以改變,尤其是你在某個人處於恰當的年齡,持續對其施加影響時。然而,這些特質也保持相對穩定;因此,雖然它們可以改變,但不容易改變。

surpass

surpass表示“優於;超過”,英文解釋為“If one person or thing surpasses another, the first is better than, or has more of a particular quality than, the second。”舉個:

He was determined tosurpassthe achievements of his older brothers。

他決心超過他的幾位哥哥的成就。

exert

exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ 表示“運用;行使(權威、權力等);施加(影響等)”,英文解釋為“to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc。 in order to make something happen”舉個:

If you were toexert your influencethey might change their decision。

如果你能施加你的影響,他們或許會改變決定。

sustained

1)表示“持續的,持久的”,英文解釋為“continuing for a longtime”舉個:

His speech was greeted bysustained applause。

他的演講博得了經久不息的掌聲。

2)表示“堅定的,堅持不懈的

”(

determined),2020年政府工作報告中的例句:

持續打造市場化、法治化、國際化營商環境make sustained efforts tocreate a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment。

Resources are often invested in costly interventions that are unlikely to work because they are notinformed

by evidence about personality traits。 “

For that reason, it would be helpful for public policymakers to think more explicitly about what it takes to change personality to improve personal and public welfare,

the costs and benefits of such interventions

, and the resources needed to achieve the best outcomes by both being informed by evidence about personality traits and investing more sustained resources and attention toward better understanding personality change,

” researchers said。

因為沒有考慮關於性格特質的證據,資源往往被投入到代價高昂而不太可能奏效的干預措施中。研究人員說:“出於這個原因,公共政策制定者應該更明確地思考改變人們性格以改善個人和公眾福祉的方法。通過了解有關性格特質的證據,並持續投入更多資源和關注以更好認識性格變化,進而實現資源的最大化利用。”

inform

常見意思表示“通知,告知”,此外還有幾個不那麼熟悉的意思:

1)表示“瞭解;熟悉”,英文解釋為“to find out information about sth”舉個:

We need time toinform ourselves thoroughly of the problem。

我們需要時間對這個問題有個透徹的瞭解。

2)表示“對…有影響;影響著。。。;瀰漫(思想或品質等)”,英文解釋為“To have an influence on sth;If a situation or activity is informed by an idea or a quality, that idea or quality is very noticeable in it。”舉個:

Religioninformsevery aspect of their lives。

宗教影響著他們生活的各個方面。

All great songs areinformedby a certain sadness and tension。

所有動聽的歌曲無不瀰漫著某種傷感和緊繃感。

此前在六級翻譯四大名著三缺一文中提到,These four novels form the core of Chinese classical literature and still

inform modern culture。 這四部小說構成了中國古典文學的核心,至今仍在影響著現代文化。

Research has found that a relatively small number of personality traits canaccount formost of the ways in which people differ from one another。 Thus, they are related to a wide range of important life outcomes。 These traits are also relatively stable, but changeable with effort and good timing。

研究發現,有一小部分性格特質可以解釋人與人之間的大部分差異。因此,它們與一系列的重要生活成果有關。這些特質也相對穩定,但透過努力和良好的時機是可以改變的。

This combination —— broad andenduring, yet changeable —— makes them particularly promising targets for large-scale interventions。 Both neuroticism and conscientiousness, for example, may represent good intervention targets in young adulthood。 And certain interventions —— especially those that require persistence and long-term commitment —— may be more effective among conscientious, emotionally stable people。 It is also important to consider motivational factors, as success is more likely if people are motivated and think change is feasible, researchers said。

這種組合——廣泛和持久,但又可改變——使它們成為大規模干預的特別有希望的目標。例如,神經質(neuroticism)和盡責性(conscientiousness)都可能代表年輕時的良好乾預目標。而某些干預措施——特別是那些需要堅持和長期投入的干預措施——在盡責的、情緒穩定的人中可能更有效。研究人員說,考慮動機因素也很重要,因為如果人們有動機並且認為改變是可行的,就更有可能取得成功。

enduring

表示“持久的;持續的”,英文解釋為“existing for a long time”如:the enduring appeal of 。。。 經久不衰的魅力。

◉ Why focus on personality traits? 為什麼要關注性格特質?

and

Bleidorn

said examples of important questions that could be more informed by personality science include: What is the long-term impact of social media and video games? How do we get children to be kinder and work harder at school? How do we help people

acculturateto new environments? And, what is the best way to help people age with grace and dignity?

布萊多恩和霍普伍德說,可以從人格科學中獲得更多認識的重要問題的例子包括:社交媒體和電子遊戲的長期影響是什麼?我們如何讓孩子們在學校裡變得更善良、更努力?我們如何幫助人們適應新環境?還有,幫助人們優雅而有尊嚴地老去的最佳方法是什麼?

acculturate

表示“(使)適應新的文化習俗;(使)受同化”,英文解釋為“to change so that you become more like people from a different culture, or to make someone change in this way”舉個:

How did Hispanicsacculturate tolife in America?

拉美人是如何適應美國的生活的?

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讀博會改變人的性格嗎?